Mechanism behind Autoimmune Disorders

As medical professionals, we all know that Apoptosis is defined as a programmed cell death and “it is a well-organized process”. On daily basis there are thousands of genomic injuries and wear & tear of the cell going on in the human body. The cellular debris i.e. phospholipid, nuclear material, mitochondria, ribosomes, centromere, etc. doesn’t spill out directly into the circulation, rather it is handed over to macrophages for Phagocytosis.

When there is abnormal apoptosis, due to any genetic defect, the cellular debris spilled out into the main circulation, and our immune cells take them as antigens and start making antibodies against them. Which starts a widespread immune response against self-antigen, we call this condition auto Immune. 

A wide range of auto-antibodies starts developing against self-antigen or (circulating remnants of a dead cell). These antigen-antibody complexes aka (immune complexes) start depositing in various tissues of our body. When these immune complexes get deposited in blood vessels, the condition is known as Vasculitis. Likewise, when these complexes get to deposit in joint spaces, the condition is known as Arthritis. When deposited in the glomeruli of the kidneys it termed as Glomerulonephritis.

a). Arthritis                                                                        

b). Vasculitis